Frederick gardner cottrell biography of martin

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Science News wires white papers and books Cottrell, Frederick. Cottrell, Frederick gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. About this article Cottrell, Frederick Updated About encyclopedia. Cottrell, Dorothy — Cottrell, Comer —. From Paris, Cottrell traveled to Berlin where he began his studies at University of Berlin with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff , receiving an advanced degree in Cottrell then moved to Leipzig University [ 3 ] where he studied with Wilhelm Ostwald , undertaking a theoretical study of the effect of the counterflow of an electrolyte on the migration of ions through a diaphragm in an electrolytic cell.

The change is mainly due, I think, to my being turned loose once more on my own work and being thrown in contact with a large number of men with diverse ideas. Ostwald received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in Cottrell struggled with learning new languages. In France, his efforts to speak French were often met with blank stares. Although his German became good enough to study with German scientists, and to write his dissertation, he was far from fluent.

Inspired no doubt by Ostwald who studied Esperanto , and backed another constructed language, Ido , by donating the proceeds of his Nobel Prize for its support , Cottrell became interested in the movement to establish a universal language for speakers of different linguistic backgrounds. In , he was one of the founders of the International Auxiliary Language Association.

Degrees in hand, Cottrell returned to California and began teaching at University of California, Berkeley. Jessie was shy and frail, a sharp contrast to Cottrell's bounding enthusiasm and unending energy. They enjoyed reading aloud to one another, travel, and attending lectures and theatre performances. Shortly after returning to Berkeley, Cottrell began consulting for the DuPont Company at its explosives- and acids-producing facility near Pinole, California , 20 miles north of the University.

DuPont wanted to address the problem of precipitating the acid mists which form when sulfur trioxide is bubbled through water or dilute sulfuric acid. Using an electrical method similar to one envisioned by Sir Oliver Lodge in England, Cottrell began experimenting with electrostatic precipitation as a means of collecting sulfuric acid mists. The result of Cottrell's work was the electrostatic precipitator, a device which could collect fly ash, dust and fumes, acid mists and fogs that spewed from turn-of-the century plants, and which became a primary means for controlling industrial air pollution.

Cottrell made it work by developing a reliable high-voltage power supply and electrodes that permitted electrical energy to leak across a gas-filled chamber from many small points. In , electric current was applied to a small laboratory device emitting sulfuric acid mist, and the concept became a reality. The first patent, No. The electrostatic precipitator remains a principal technology for pollutant removal from industrial waste flows to this day.

Cottrell was not a businessman, but he recognized the business potential of his invention and decided to use it to fund scientific research through the creation of Research Corporation. In the time before science was routinely funded by government and private sources, Cottrell, at the age of 34, resolved that science would be the principal beneficiary of his invention.

Those associated with him in developing electrostatic precipitation agreed with this highly unusual suggestion, and Cottrell made several attempts to donate the patent to organizations that might market the precipitator, using the proceeds to finance scientific research.

Frederick gardner cottrell biography of martin

After the University of California and the Smithsonian Institution declined his offer, Cottrell worked with then-Secretary of the Smithsonian Charles Doolittle Walcott , to form Research Corporation, a foundation devoted to philanthropy in science. Cottrell then moved to Leipzig University where he studied with Wilhelm Ostwald, undertaking a theoretical study of the effect of the counterflow of an electrolyte on the migration of ions through a diaphragm in an electrolytic cell.

The change is mainly due, I think, to my being turned loose once more on my own work and being thrown in contact with a large number of men with diverse ideas. Ostwald received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in Cottrell struggled with learning new languages. Cottrell, Comer —. Cottrau, Teodoro. Cotton, Priscilla d. Cotton, Mary Ann — Cotton, Lucy c.

Cotton, John Cotton, James. Cotton, Jack. Cotton, Henry. Cotton, George Edward Lynch. Cotton Swab. Cotton Root Bark. Cottrell, Leonard.