Descoperirea insulinei nicolae paulescu biography

Profesorul A. Kleiner , Banting bolnavilor de la Toronto General Hospital. Beger, A. Warshaw, M. Kozarek, M. Lerch, J. Neoptolemos, K. Shiratori, D. Whitcomb, and B. Materiale media legate de Nicolae Paulescu la Wikimedia Commons. Unelte Unelte. He states that injections into peripheral veins produce no effect and his experiments show that second injections do not produce such marked effect as the first.

Cine a descoperit insulina? Arhivat din original la 18 iulie Constantin Angelescu, Nicolae C. Trifu, ed. When he was able to resume his research in , further experiments quickly confirmed this finding. His results, published in August , proved convincingly that he had succeeded in isolating the antidiabetic hormone of the pancreas and demonstrating its action in lowering the blood sugar in both diabetic and normal dogs.

The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, after which some impurites were removed with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Paulescu was also, with A. He was also a leading member of the militant religious fascist Iron Guard. Born in Bucharest , he was the first of four children of Costache and Maria Paulescu. He displayed remarkable abilities as early as his first school years.

He learned French , Latin and Ancient Greek at an early age, so that a few years later he became fluent in all these languages and was able to read classical works of Latin and Greek literature in the original. He also had a particular gift for drawing and music and special inclinations towards natural sciences, such as physics and chemistry.

In he graduated with a Doctor of Medicine degree, with a research thesis on the structure of the spleen. At the same time he studied chemistry and physiology at the Faculty of Science of the University of Paris , and also obtained a doctorate in science. Upon receiving his M. Vincent de Paul Hospital in Bucharest. In , he succeeded in developing an aqueous pancreatic extract which, when injected into a diabetic dog, proved to have a normalizing effect on blood sugar levels.

Descoperirea insulinei nicolae paulescu biography

Shortly after completing the experiments, he was called to service in the Romanian army. The method used by Paulescu to prepare his pancreatic extract was similar to a procedure described by the American researcher Israel Kleiner in an article published two years earlier, in , in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Using his procedure, Kleiner had been able to demonstrate significant reductions in the concentration of blood and urinary glucose after intravenous injections of his extract.

Paulescu secured the patent rights for his method of manufacturing pancreine on 10 April patent no. In February , doctor Frederick Banting and biochemist John Macleod from the University of Toronto , Canada, published their paper on the successful use of a different, alcohol-based pancreatic extract for normalizing blood sugar glucose levels glycemia in a human patient.

An unsuccessful attempt had been made on 11 January , and a successful administration followed on 25 January The Toronto team felt confident in the purity of their insulin and injected it intravenously into the patient, clearing up his glycosuria and ketonuria and restoring normal blood sugar. Therefore, when he tested his pancreatic extract on humans on 25 February , he administered the extract rectally.

The patients seemed to show some reduction in glycosuria. This apparent success emboldened him to inject his extract intravenously into a diabetic patient on 24 March, after which the patient's blood sugar apparently fell to zero ". A blood sugar level of zero should have placed the patient into a hypoglycemic coma , but he made no mention of this effect in any of his papers.

In contrast, the Toronto team had known for several months that dogs could be placed into a diabetic coma by an overdose of insulin, so they prepared orange juice and candy for the clinical trials. After Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , Nicolae Paulescu wrote to the Nobel Prize committee claiming that he had discovered insulin first.

However, his claims to priority cannot be sustained. Paulescu prepared pancreatic extract in and tested it in dogs, but Israel Kleiner tested pancreatic extract in dogs in , as did George Ludwig Zuelzer in Zuelzer also wrote to the Nobel Prize committee asserting priority. All of these earlier attempts had produced pancreatic extracts that caused side effects in dogs or humans.

The Toronto team had noticed the same side effects with their earlier extracts, but they continued working on the problem until they had purified insulin. Professor Ian Murray was particularly active in working to correct "the historical wrong" against Paulescu. Paulescu has been criticized for his political activity centered on antisemitic views and eugenism , [ 8 ] which found their expression also in articles such as The Judeo-Masonic plot against the Romanian nation expressed in his book, Philosophic Physiology: The Hospital, the Koran , the Talmud , the Kahal and Freemasonry [ 9 ] :.

We Romanians are faced with a capital question: What shall we do with these uninvited guests who suddenly installed themselves in this country, or rather, with these evil parasites who are both thieves and assassins? Can we exterminate them just as, for instance, bedbugs are killed? This would be the simplest and handliest way of getting rid of them; if we were to act according to the laws of the Talmud, it would even be legitimate.

But no! We must even forget revenge - sine qua non passion of a good shochet - for the plunders and the killings done or caused by the Jews. More than that! Nichifor Crainic , the principal ideologist of Orthodoxism , paid homage to Paulescu, by calling him "the founder of Christian nationalism " and "the most complete and most normative eminent doctrinaire of our nationalism.

He was an associate of ultranationalist Professor A. Paulescu influenced Cuza to incorporate religion into his doctrine. Codreanu extensively quoted Paulescu, and acknowledged the powerful impact that Paulescu's ideas had on his own development. That same year, the NCU adopted the swastika as its official symbol. His starting point was a theory of passions and of social conflicts examined from the angle of a discipline he called "philosophical physiology".

It was illustrated, in the main, by the behavior of Jews, who represented the extreme case of a race ruled by two essential passions: the instincts of domination and ownership. Nicolae Cajal , a Romanian Jewish member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences and the President of the Jewish Communities' Federation of Romania from to , defended recognition of Paulescu's scientific work, saying there is a need to distinguish between individuals' private views and their scientific merit and that his father, Dr.

Marcu Cajal, a student of Paulescu, had admired Paulescu for his scientific skills though he disagreed as a Jew with Paulescu's anti-Semitic views. Paulescu died in Bucharest in